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Optimization of catalytic activity of sulfated titania for efficient synthesis of isoamyl acetate by response surface methodology

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Abstract

TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel method using titanium tetraisopropoxide. Sulfate ions were introduced on the titania by impregnation method using sulfuric acid as precursor of sulfate ions. Fourier transform infrared and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence as well as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and BET methods were used for the characterization of the obtained nanoparticles. The esterification of isoamyl alcohol with acetic acid was investigated to prove the catalytic activity of the TiO2 nanoparticles under solvent-free conditions. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the effect of some parameters such as the molar ratio of acetic acid to alcohol, catalyst loading, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the yield of the isoamyl acetate. The TiO2 nanoparticles were proved to be an excellent heterogeneous catalyst for isoamyl acetate synthesis under solvent-free conditions affording a high yield of 94 % under the following optimal conditions: molar ratio of acetic acid to alcohol (1:7), catalyst loading (3.2 wt% with respect to the acetic acid), the reaction temperature (130 °C), and the reaction time (300 min).

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful for the financial support from the Research Council of Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran. Furthermore, we are thankful to Dr. R. Zare Dorabei for useful discussions concerning RSM.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Shahrara Afshar, Maryam Sadehvand, Alireza Azad, Mohammad G. Dekamin, Afsaneh Mollahosseini, Mansoor Amani & Azadeh Tadjarodi

  2. Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Mehdi Jalali-Heravi

Authors
  1. Shahrara Afshar
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  2. Maryam Sadehvand
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  3. Alireza Azad
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  4. Mohammad G. Dekamin
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  5. Mehdi Jalali-Heravi
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  6. Afsaneh Mollahosseini
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  7. Mansoor Amani
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  8. Azadeh Tadjarodi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad G. Dekamin.

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Afshar, S., Sadehvand, M., Azad, A. et al. Optimization of catalytic activity of sulfated titania for efficient synthesis of isoamyl acetate by response surface methodology. Monatsh Chem 146, 1949–1957 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-015-1533-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-015-1533-5

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